When most people hear “eating disorder,” they think of anorexia or bulimia. But there is another, lesser-known disorder that also causes a major disruption to one’s relationship with food and quality of life. It is called Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder or ARFID for short.

Like other eating disorders, ARFID involves limitations in what a person can eat and can cause nutritional deficiencies, difficulty maintaining a healthy weight, and major disruptions to daily life. Yet, the development of this disorder is not influenced by poor body image or the desire to lose weight. Read on to learn more about this complicated yet treatable disorder.

What is ARFID?

ARFID is an eating disorder characterized by extreme limitations in the amount or types of food eaten. These limitations go far beyond picky eating. People with ARFID may avoid foods because of:

• Sensory sensitivities (taste, texture, smell, or appearance)
• Fear of negative experiences (like choking, vomiting, or allergic reactions)
• Lack of interest in eating or low appetite

 

Signs and Symptoms of ARFID

Some common signs include:

• Very limited range of “safe foods”
• Anxiety or distress when faced with unfamiliar foods
• Difficulty eating with others (especially in social settings)
• Reliance on nutritional supplements or meal replacements
• Unexplained weight loss or poor growth in children
• Nutrient deficiencies (such as low iron or vitamin D)

 

Who Can Develop ARFID?

ARFID often begins in childhood, especially among kids who were considered “extremely picky eaters.” However, it can continue into adolescence and adulthood if left untreated.

Both children and adults can experience significant challenges, including:

• Children: growth delays, limited energy, and stress at family mealtimes
• Teens/Adults: social isolation, fatigue, and difficulty meeting nutritional needs

 

Why ARFID is More Than “Just Picky Eating”

While picky eating is common in children, it usually improves with time. ARFID, on the other hand, is persistent and disruptive. It affects physical health, emotional well-being, and quality of life.

Think of it this way:

• Picky eating → “I don’t like broccoli, but I’ll eat other veggies.”
• ARFID → “I only eat five specific foods, and the thought of trying anything else causes extreme anxiety.”

 

Treatment and Support

Just like with other forms of eating disorders, ARFID is treatable. Support often includes:

• Nutrition counseling: to ensure balanced intake and gentle exposure to new foods
• Therapy (like CBT-AR or exposure therapy): to reduce anxiety and increase food variety
• Medical monitoring: to address growth or nutrient concerns

Recovery doesn’t mean someone suddenly eats all foods. It means gradually expanding their diet, improving nutrition, and reducing anxiety around eating. But recovery is possible!

If you or someone you love struggles with limited eating, know that help is available. With the right support, it’s possible to create a healthier, more flexible relationship with food.

Reach out today for a complimentary intake phone call.

We look forward to connecting with you soon!